Scientific Management: Motivation by scientific management is associated with F.W. Taylor’s techniques of scientific management. Taylor said that people are primarily motivated by economic rewards and will take direction if offered an opportunity to improve their economic positions. Based on this Taylor described following arguments
- Physical work could be scientifically studied to determine optimal method of performance of a job
- Workers could be more efficient by telling them how they were to do a job
- Workers would accept the above prescription if paid on differentiated piecework basis
- Disadvantages – Dehumanized workers, treated them as mere factors of production, only stressed on monetary needs, ignored human needs
Human Relations Model: Elton Mayo’s human relations model stressed on social contacts as motivational factor. Greater importance was given to informal groups. However too much reliance on social contacts to improve productivity was a major drawback.
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