Definitions of Planning
According to Hodge and Johnson “Planning is the determination in advance of a line of action in order to achieve better performance”.
In other words of Koontz and O’Donnell, “Planning is deciding in advance what to do, how to do, when to do it and who is to do it. Planning bridges the gap from where we are, to where we want to go. It makes it possible for things to occur which would no otherwise happen”.
According to R.N. Farmer and B.M. Richman, “Planning is essentially decision-making since it involves choosing from among alternatives”.
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